Encapsulated deep eutectic solvent for esterification of free fatty acid

A novel encapsulated deep eutectic solvent (DES) was introduced for biodiesel production via a two-step process. The DES in medical capsules and were used to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content of acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) minimum acceptable level (< 1%). synthesized from methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPB) p-toluenesulfonic (PTSA). effects pertaining different operating conditions such as capsule dosage, reaction time, molar ratio, temperature optimized. FFA ACPO reduced existing 9.61% less than 1% under optimum conditions. This indicated that MTPB-DES performed high catalytic activity esterification showed considerable even after four consecutive recycling runs. produced alkaline transesterification met EN14214 international standard specifications. To our best knowledge, this is first study introduce an catalyst form. method presents new route safe storage materials be biofuel production. Conductor-like screening model real solvents (COSMO-RS) representation using σ-profile σ-potential graphs MTPB PTSA compatible combination due balanced presence affinity towards hydrogen bond donor acceptor each constituent.